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基因工程纳米颗粒在 EB 病毒疫苗研发中的应用概述

Recent Progress in Bio-Engineered Nanoparticles for Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccines

  • 摘要: EB (Epstein-Barr)病毒普遍性感染人类并引发多种病毒相关性癌症, 其中鼻咽癌与 EB 病毒感染相关性最高, 并在我国广东等地区发病率极高, 是我国重点防治的十大恶性肿瘤之一。截至目前, 没有任何一款上市可接种的 EB 病毒防治性疫苗, 针对 EB 病毒相关疾病的免疫治疗手段在临床试验中也收效甚微。近年来, 纳米颗粒基因改造技术的飞速发展为 EB 病毒的防治带来了新希望。新型功能化纳米颗粒疫苗载体具有高稳定性、高生物兼容性、高安全性及多功能联合等优势, 已被各国团队用于EB 病毒预防及治疗的研究中, 并取得了一定的进展。该文介绍并评述了国内外研究小组利用功能化外泌体纳米颗粒、类病毒颗粒、铁蛋白自组装纳米颗粒以及一些其他类型的纳米颗粒所开展的 EB 病毒防治疫苗的研究进展, 并对功能化纳米颗粒在 EB 病毒疫苗临床转化过程中可能面临的难题和挑战进行了展望。

     

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus causes a ubiquitous infection in adults worldwide. It is also a oncogenic virus that is associated with many cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma which is one of the predominant tumor in South China. However, so far, a vaccine against Epstein-Barr virus was not yet available in the world and there is no effective immunotherapy against those Epstein-Barr virus associated carcinomas. With the advantages of high stability, biocompatibility, low toxicity and multifunctional regions, the nextgeneration nanoparticles has been successfully applied in the research of Epstein-Barr virus vaccines. In this article, the recent advances of nanoparticles, including exosomes, virus-like particles, self-assembling ferritin nanoparticles and other nanoparticles using for prevention and against of Epstein-Barr virus infections have been reviewed and further discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by engineered nanoparticles in the clinical application are prospected.

     

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