Abstract: Over the past few decades, the rapid development and widespread adoption of internet technology have propelled humanity into the digital information age, the internet has evolved into a crucial component of human life. With the emergence of the digital lifestyle, individuals are continuously generating massive amounts of digital information. Effective and convenient storage of this information is regarded as a significant challenge that needs to be overcome. Starting with introducing the existing storage methods and media, this article analyzes the current state of the storage field, followed by delving into the advantages, core technologies, and the potential applications of DNA as a big data storage medium in the coming days. Furthermore, this report proposes the future development trends and gives insights into DNA-based information storage, with aiming to offer new thoughts for the advancement of DNA-based data storage technology.