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电动汽车智能充电策略研究综述

A Review of Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles in Distribution Network

  • 摘要: 发展电动汽车是减少对石油的依赖以及解决环境污染的有效途径。但是, 大规模电动汽车无序充电会严重影响电网的稳定性, 主要表现在电网负荷峰值升高、电网电压下降以及电网能量损失变大等方面。众所周知, 对电网进行扩容改造将需巨大的成本, 而智能充电无需对电网进行大幅度改造即可有效地解决这一难题。智能充电不仅能为电力运营商创造可观的经济效益, 同时还能使电动汽车用户受益。智能充电主要分为集中式充电和分散式充电。集中式充电根据电网信息和电动汽车的充电需求规划电动汽车的充电策略。充电策略的制定主要以电网运行成本最小、电网能量损失最小、电网负荷方差最小等为目标。分散式充电主要在获取电网状态信息和电动汽车的充电需求后制定浮动电价以激励电动汽车用户避开用电高峰期。最后, 文章简要介绍了在智能充电框架下电动汽车与可再生能源融合的潜力、智能充电对电池的要求以及相应的通讯网络构建等问题。

     

    Abstract: To develop electric vehicles is a way to reduce fossil fuel and alleviate air pollution. But a large scale of electric vehicles will bring a serious impact on the stability of grid, such as the peak widening, voltage deviations and the increase of energy losses. It is well known that it will cost much for the extension and renovation of the grid while smart charging can efficiently solve this problem without radical transformation of the grid. Smart charging of electric vehicles can not only bring economic benefits to the power company, but also benefit customers of electric vehicles. In this paper, the two main control architectures of smart charging, the centralized control and the decentralized control were reviewed. The research of centralized control is based on various targets, such as minimizing operating costs, minimizing energy loss or minimizing load variance. And the decentralized control mainly depends on the price mechanism to motivate users to change their charging behaviours. Finally, the integration of electric vehicles and renewable energy were introduced and the constructions of network communication devices were described.

     

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