Abstract: Ocular diagnosis, as a non-invasive method, has demonstrated extensive application potential in both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Yet its conventional practice relies heavily on the subjective judgments of individual practitioners, rendering standardization and objectivity difficult to achieve. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fostered the convergence of ocular diagnosis and AI technologies, which has become a prominent focus of research on clinical application. This review aims to review the backgrounds, theoretical basis, technological advances, clinical applications, present challenges, and future prospects of this interdisciplinary field, thereby providing a comprehensive reference for further investigations.