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Rational design of multiepitope vaccines against EBV: targeting lytic and latent proteins for broad immune coverage

Kainat Fatima1,2, Hikmat Ullah1,2, Shaukat Ullah1,2, Lei Tan3,4,5*

  • 摘要: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of the population and is confirmed as an oncogenic agent associated with a variety of lymphomas and solid tumors. Despite the heavy medical burden posed by EBV infection, no vaccine is currently approved for clinical prevention. This situation is mainly due to the fact that for a long time, vaccine development has focused on inducing neutralizing antibodies against a small number of structural antigens, which ignores the potential effective antigens and limits the possibility of clearing infected cells, which are the main driver of tumorigenesis. To overcome this limitation, we designed a new EBV vaccine using computer simulation methods. This method considers both structural and non-structural proteins encoded by representative strains of type 1 or 2. Subsequently, we screened candidate epitopes to evaluate their role in humoral and cellular immunity, focusing on those with conserved and immune dominance based on efficacy and safety. After constructing the selected epitopes, we generated vaccine candidates and evaluated them multiple times. A robust, broad immune response was subsequently demonstrated by immune simulation, demonstrating the ability of our vaccine candidate to effectively block EBV infection and the resulting disease
     
     
     
     
     

     

    Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects>90% of human population and was identified as an oncogenic agent associated with a panel of lymphomas and solid tumors. Although EBV infection leads to a high burden of medical care, no vaccine is approved in clinic to serve the prevention. This situation is largely due to the long-standing focus on the induction of neutralizing antibody to target a few structural antigens, which excluded potentially effective antigens and restrained the possibility to eliminate infected cells, the major driven force of lateral oncogenesis. To overcome such limitation, we carried out a new design of EBV vaccine via in silico approaches, in which we ascertain structural and non-structural proteins encoded by representative strains of either Type 1 or 2 were taken into consideration. Candidate epitopes were then screened for both humoral and cellular immunity, in which the ones with conservancy and immunodominance were then highlighted in balance of effectiveness and safety. After assembly of selected epitopes, vaccine candidates were generated and subjected to multiple evaluations. Robust and extensive immune responses were then demonstrated via immune simulation, which suggested the effectiveness of our vaccine candidates in blocking EBV infection and consequent diseases.

     

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