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微 / 纳米机器人在生物医学中的应用进展

Progress of the Application of Micro/Nano Robots in Biomedicine

  • 摘要: 精密医学是现代生物医学发展的重要方向, 而微/纳米机器人的出现推动了精密医学的发展。 这些小型化机器人通过自组装、电子束沉积和 3D 打印等方法制造, 能够引发化学反应或在超声波、 光场、磁场等外部场以及微生物(细胞)的作用下运动。它们在生物医学中的用途广泛, 能够通过装载药物颗粒、生物试剂和活细胞等来实现精准的货物输送;也可作为一种小尺寸的手术工具用于外科手 术, 治疗疾病;还能检测生物体中的金属离子等物质以做好疾病初期的诊断;此外, 还能通过光声、 磁共振等不同方式进行医学成像。在过去十年中, 微/纳米机器人在这些方面的研究取得了一定的进 展, 推动了现代医学的发展。

     

    Abstract: Precision medicine is an important development direction of modern biomedicine, and the emergence of micro/nanorobots has promoted the development of precision medicine. These miniaturized robots are manufactured through self-assembly, electron beam deposition, and 3D printing, and they can initiate chemical reactions or move under the action of external fields such as ultrasound, light, magnetic and microorganisms (cells). They are widely used in biomedicine, they can load drug particles, biological reagents and living cells to achieve precise cargo delivery; perform operation and treat diseases as a small sized surgical tool; detect metal ions and other substances in organisms for early diagnosis of diseases; conduct medical imaging through different methods such as photoacoustic, magnetic resonance. In the past ten years, the research of micro/nano robots has made some progress in these areas, vigorously promoting the development of modern medicine.

     

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