This article introduces a modular design concept that can realize the general observation of marine environment and multi -equipment integration of the universal marine buoyant data collection system. This system uses ARM chip timer and interrupt controller to virtually collects multi -module parallel collection processing circuits. The full system is divided into three modules: meteorological security, hydrotoma and communication according to the function of marine data buoyoma functions, and realizes the continuous collection and processing of buoyant multi -equipment, as well as real -time two -way communication. The serial extension chip realizes the system interface expansion, which improves the system"s installation capacity from the hardware. The communication module uses DMA technology to realize the functions of real -time data of dual -road real -time data, which realizes the reliable and safe operation of the buoyant system on the sea, and also improves its human -computer interaction function. This system has verified the stability, reliability, and measurement accuracy of the system through laboratory testing and operation experiments at sea.