A Survey on the Hatpic Interaction Models in Virtual Orthopedic Surgery

Virtual orthopedic surgery allows the surgeon to perform operations and trainings on the reconstructed anatomic bone model with a variety of virtual instruments. Haptic interaction plays an important role in the virtual surgery. How to simulate realistic and fast haptic interaction in virtual orthopedic surgery has become a concerned research topic recently. In this paper, existing haptic models used in orthopedic surgical simulation system were reviewed and analyzed, and their characteristics and disadvantages were discussed as well. Finally, some perspectives for the development of the haptic interaction in future pointed out.