Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a safe and non-invasive electrophysiological signal that has been widely used to provide intuitive control for myoelectric prostheses. Intuitively controlling a prosthetic device is a major challenge for transhumeral amputees (TAs) since they have insufficient residual muscles that could rarely produce enough sEMG signals. To resolve this challenge, targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) technique which reinnervates the missing muscular has been developed in some previous studies. However, there is no relevant research on the reconstruction of nerve function for TAs in China. In this study, a new surgical method that integrates the TMR technique with targeted nerve function replacement (TNFR) for nerve function regeneration is presented, which is a pioneer study on the reconstruction of nerve function for TA in China. During the surgery, a nerve function model was established while the missing limb muscles were reconstructed for a male TA. To verify the reliability of the reconstructed limb muscles, the high density sEMG technique was used to acquire myoelectric signals corresponding to hand/wrist/elbow movements before and after the surgery. The classification accuracy across all the classes of limb motions were computed and analysed. The results show that the reconstructed muslces play a significant role in providing useful myoelectric control signals for efficiently decoding the different limb motions of the TA. The proposed hybrid (TMR-TNFR) method may be helpful in the reconstruction of the muscle function in residual limb of TAs, and could provide potential information for intuitive control of the myoelectric prostheses.