In the era of data explosion, the global demand for data storage has far exceeded the existing storage capacity. DNA, as a natural carrier of genetic information, provides a stable, efficient, and sustainable data storage solution. The current process of DNA storage is divided into six main parts: encoding, writing, preservation, access, reading, and decoding; and nanopore sequencing technology has been widely used to read information stored in DNA. This review systematically introduces the principle and research history of nanopore-based DNA signal detection, and the applications of nanopore sequencing in DNA storage. Moreover, it summarizes the applications of machine learning in nanopore detection, particularly highlighting the integration of novel nanopore detection techniques with machine learning. This review presents a new direction for the development of nanopore technology and lays the foundation for building a better practical DNA storage system.