The construction of artificial cells with specific cell mimic functions helps to explore the complex biological reaction processes and cellular functions in natural biological cell systems, and provides convenience for the in-depth understanding of the origin of life. Artificial cells construction method, based on the topdown and bottom-up principle, in the past few decades have made great progress and extensive application. Build strategy based on artificial cells, human cells can be divided into “top-down” artificial cells and “bottomup” cells. Bottom-up complementary branch of synthetic biology is a new, it sought from natural or synthetic ingredients to build artificial cells. One of the goals of bottom-up synthetic biology is to construct or mimic the complex pathways present in the cells of natural organisms. Artificial cells derived from lipids, polymer, lipid/polymer hybrid body, natural cell membrane, metal-organic frameworks and condensed matter and so on. Various substances such as proteins, genes, mitochondria, etc. in real cells can be combined on the surface of artificial cells or wrapped inside artificial cells, thus endowing artificial cells with various functions. Moreover, artificial cells can be used as a drug delivery system and a carrier of information exchange. In addition, artificial cells can also replace the impaired cells to restore the normal operation of the body. Here, first introduced the method based on bottom-up strategy to build artificial cells and classification. Then the various applications of artificial cells are discussed. Finally, the future development of artificial cells is prospected.