基于脑电波时频分析方法的认知决策任务研究
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国家自然科学基金项目(61771462);广州市科技计划项目(201803010093);深圳市基础研究项目(JCYJ20180507182241622)

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Time-Frequency Analysis of Electroencephalogram Signals in a Cognitive Decision-Making Task
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    摘要:

    选择和决策涉及一系列复杂的认知过程,而脑电图(Electroencephalogram,EEG)信号的时频 分析方法可以帮助理解不同认知任务中的大脑活动。为对脑认知功能评价标准的设定提供客观量化理 论参考,该研究针对正常人在做出一系列完整认知任务时的脑电波活动进行量化分析,作为后续认 知障碍研究的前期基础。通过设计了一项与“剪刀、石头、布”游戏相关的决策认知任务,使电脑 的 3 种选择按一定的概率(石头 66%、剪刀 33%、布 1%)随机出现,其中认知决策包含稳妥型、风险 型和错误型,每轮决策任务分为 3 个阶段(计划阶段、确认阶段和反馈阶段)。在整个任务期间,使用 NeuroscanQuikCap 脑电测量系统同时记录 64 个 EEG 信号通道数据,通过提取不同受试者脑电频段 (δ、θ、α 和 β)的平均频谱功率和相位同步值,研究了不同任务阶段下 4 种频段脑电波的变化特征。研 究发现,在计划阶段,实验对象想要获胜或不想输的判断决策活动与顶叶区 α 波和前额 θ 波的增强活 动效应相关,其脑电波出现的先后顺序反映受试者将做出不同类型的决策计划;在确认阶段,α 波的 频谱功率抑制效应和 δ 波的相位同步增强活动表明受试者在确认选择后会提高注意力;在反馈阶段, θ 波、β 波功率谱增强效应和 α 波功率谱降低效应与不同的反馈结果有关,其中在受试者发觉输掉游戏 的反馈中,该效应最为明显。结果表明,EEG 信号的时频特征分析方法可以有效观察大脑对不同认知 任务的响应活动。该研究不仅有望为探讨一项完整认知任务的动态过程提供可视化工具,还有助于客 观认知评估标准技术的进一步发展。

    Abstract:

    Selection and decision-making involve a series of complex cognitive processes, and time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can help understand brain activity in different cognitive tasks. In this study, a decision-making cognitive task related to the rock-paper-scissors game was designed. By setting the selection probability of the computer (rock 66%, scissors 33%, paper 1%), the subjects are able to make safe or risky decisions. The complete and complex decision task was divided into three stages (planning stage, confirmation stage and feedback stage). During the entire experiment, the NeuroscanQuikCap EEG measurement system recorded data with 64 EEG signal channels in real time. By extracting the characteristics of the change of the average spectral power and the phase synchronization value of each EEG frequency band (δ, θ, α, and β), a comparative analysis of the EEG waves at different task stages was realized. The results show that in the planning stage, the subject’s decision-making activities that want to win or do not want to lose are related to the enhanced activity effects of the parietal lobe α wave and the forehead θ wave. The order in which the brain waves appear may indicate that the subjects will make different types of decision plans. In the confirmation stage, the α wave spectrum power suppression effect and the δ wave phase synchronization enhancement activity show that the subject will increase attention after confirming the choice. In the feedback stage, the θ and β wave power spectrum increase effect and the α wave power spectrum decrease effect are related to different feed back results. And the effects are most obvious in the feedback that the subject finds the game lost. This preliminary study shows that, combined with a complete cognitive task, time-frequency analysis of EEG signals may be an important tool for visualizing brain activity in response to different cognitive functions. It also contributes to the further development for objective cognitive assessment solutions.

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引文格式
王 程,朱明星,汪 鑫,等.基于脑电波时频分析方法的认知决策任务研究 [J].集成技术,2020,9(4):11-24

Citing format
WANG Cheng, ZHU Mingxing, WANG Xin, et al. Time-Frequency Analysis of Electroencephalogram Signals in a Cognitive Decision-Making Task[J]. Journal of Integration Technology,2020,9(4):11-24

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-07-21
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