Targeted protein degradation technologies face significant challenges, including insufficient target specificity and low delivery efficiency. Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is a biocompatible nanomaterial widely studied in drug delivery, yet its potential as a platform for targeted protein degradation remains unexplored. In this study, FITC labeling and the biotin-avidin system were employed to evaluate the subcellular localization of MBG and its potential as a protein degradation carrier. Additionally, the ferroptosis-inducing capability of Fe-doped MBG was investigated. The results demonstrated that MBG facilitates the internalization of target proteins and degradation in lysosomes, as exemplified by the degradation of PD-L1. Furthermore, MBG was shown to deliver iron ions into lysosomes, inducing ferroptosis. This study, for the first time, reveals the dual functionality of MBG in targeted protein degradation and ferroptosis induction, offering an innovative approach for the spatiotemporally controlled synergistic treatment of cancer through "protein degradation-ferroptosis" strategies.